The message spreads slowly and reaches the entire group only if the food is abundant. Non-human primates are generally stingy, except when dealing with young infants. Feeding monkeys usually tolerate others only beyond a certain distance. When monkeys observe another member of the troop stuffing food into his or her mouth, they usually rush over to get some as well.
Inadvertently, the monkey who discovers a desirable food source communicates its presence by his or her actions. In this way, information about food sources is shared. This is especially true of semi-terrestrial species such as baboons and macaques. Once again, chimpanzees are exceptions. Males regularly hunt for meat in small teams. When a target animal has been killed, the dominant hunter initially monopolizes the meat.
However, when he has had enough to eat, he usually shares with other hunters and even with females and children who have not participated in the hunt.
More easily obtainable vegetable foods are rarely shared by chimpanzees except by mothers with their children. Mothers use this opportunity to teach their children what is edible in the environment.
They also teach them important skills such as nut cracking techniques. Among chimpanzees and baboons, the size and composition of the foraging group normally adjusts to the size of the food supply. Strictly arboreal monkeys are not equally flexible--the entire community makes up a single foraging group. This is related to the fact that their forest territories are usually smaller and richer in vegetable foods.
Why are Primates Intelligent? Does this douc langur have the face of an intelligent animal? Compared to most other animals, primates have unusually large brain to body size ratios and are significantly more intelligent.
This is particularly true of the great apes and, of course, humans. When chimpanzees look in a mirror, they recognize themselves. This self-awareness is extremely rare in the animal kingdom. Even monkeys lack this capability. It was commonly believed that only humans had the necessary intelligence to recognize their own reflected image.
The fact that we share self-awareness with at least some of the great apes is not surprising considering the short evolutionary distance between our species.
We had a common ancestor with chimpanzees only million years ago. Smuts, D. Cheney, R. Seyfarth, R. Struhsaker Eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Palameta, B. The social transmission of a food finding technique in pigeons: What is learned? Animal Behaviour , 33 , — Paquette, D. Discovering and learning tool-use for fishing honey by captive chimpanzees. Human Evolution , 7 , 17— Passingham, R. The human primate. New York: Freeman. Povinelli, D.
The question of tool modif ication. Povinelli Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reiss, D. Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence. PNAS , 98 , — Rizzolatti, G. From mirror neurons to imitation: Facts and speculations. Prinz Eds. Russell, C. Social referencing by young chimpanzees Pan troglodytes. Russon, A. Parker, R. Miles Eds. Shettleworth, S. Cognition, evolution and behaviour. Stoinski, T. Social learning by orangutans Pongo pygmaeus in a simulated food processing task.
Imitative learning by captive western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla in a simulated food-processing task. Tomasello, M. Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalling of chimpanzees? Gibson Eds. Do apes ape? London: Academic Press. Emulation learning and cultural learning. Primate cognition.
Comprehension of novel communicative signs by apes and human children. Child Development , 68 , — Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees.
Human Evolution , 2 , — Cultural learning. Imitative learning of actions on objects by children, chimpanzees, and enculturated chimpanzees. Child Development , 64 , — Tonooka, R. Acquisition and transmission of tool making and use for drinking juice in a group of captive chimpanzees. Japanese Psychological Research , 39 , — Toth, N. Pan the tool-maker: Investigations into the stone tool-making and tool-using capabilities of a bonobo Pan paniscus.
Journal of Archaelogical Science , 20 , 81— Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture. Science , , — Visalberghi, E. Do monkeys ape? Ten years after. Voelkl, B. True imitation in marmosets. Animal Behaviour , 60 , — Want, S. Child Development , 72 , — How do children ape?
Developmental Science , 5 , 1— Whiten, A. Human enculturation, chimpanzee enculturation and the nature of imitation: Commentary on Cultural learning, by M. Tomasello et al. How imitators represent the imitated: The vital experiments. Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees Pan troglodytes. Imitation of sequential and hierarchical structure in action: Experimental studies with children and chimpanzees. Primate culture and social learning. Cognitive Science , 24 , — Bekoff, C.
Burghardt Eds. Studies of imitation in chimpanzees and children. Imitative learning of artificial fruit processing in children Homo sapiens and chimpanzees Pan troglodytes. Journal of Comparative Psychology , , 3— Cultures in chimpanzees. Get in Touch Book a Presentation. From the field. Great Apes. Our Champions. Youth Power. Work With Us. In fact, chimps are more closely related to humans than they are to gorillas.
But the similarities we share go beyond our genetic makeup. They also breastfeed their young for an extending amount of time, like humans. Unlike other animals, apes take care of their young for many years. Apes also take much longer to mature than other animals.
Some apes can take as long as 12 to 18 years to fully develop into an adult. Great apes. Family: Hominidae Subfamily: Homininae gorillas, hominoids and chimps. Lesser apes. Species: Nomascus concolor Western black crested gibbon, black crested gibbon. The Western gorilla, for example, is listed as critically endangered due to hunting and outbreaks of ebola. The chimpanzee and many types of gibbons are also endangered. Bonobos apes live only in the Congo Basin rainforests of central Democratic Republic of the Congo, according to the World Wildlife Federation , with a population of only 29, to 50, individuals.
According to the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, humans' and gorillas' bodies are so much alike, diseases can be transmitted from humans to gorillas and vice versa. As infants, gorillas are given the same as inoculations humans.
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